Cholesterol does not cause heart disease in the elderly and trying to reduce it with drugs like statins is a waste of time, an international group of experts has claimed.

A review of research involving nearly 70,000 people found there was no link between what has traditionally been considered “bad” cholesterol and the premature deaths of over 60-year-olds from cardiovascular disease.

Published in the BMJ Open journal, the new study found that 92 percent of people with a high cholesterol level lived longer.

Lowering cholesterol with medications is a total waste of time

Professor Sherif Sultan, University of Ireland

The authors have called for a re-evaluation of the guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis, a hardening and narrowing of the arteries, because “the benefits from statin treatment have been exaggerated”.

The results have prompted immediate scepticism from other academics, however, who questioned the paper’s balance.

High cholesterol is commonly caused by an unhealthy diet, and eating high levels of saturated fat in particular, as well as smoking.

It is carried in the blood attached to proteins called lipoproteins and has been traditionally linked to cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral arterial disease and aortic disease.

Smoking can cause high cholesterol CREDIT: PA

Co-author of the study Dr Malcolm Kendrick, an intermediate care GP, acknowledged the findings would cause controversy but defended them as “robust” and “thoroughly reviewed”.

“What we found in our detailed systematic review was that older people with high LDL (low-density lipoprotein) levels, the so-called “bad” cholesterol, lived longer and had less heart disease.”

Vascular and endovascular surgery expert Professor Sherif Sultan from the University of Ireland, who also worked on the study, said cholesterol is one of the “most vital” molecules in the body and prevents infection, cancer, muscle pain and other conditions in elderly people.

“Lowering cholesterol with medications for primary cardiovascular prevention in those aged over 60 is a total waste of time and resources, whereas altering your lifestyle is the single most important way to achieve a good quality of life,” he said.

Lead author DrUffeRavnskov, a former associate professor of renal medicine at Lund University in Sweden, said there was “no reason” to lower high-LDL-cholesterol.

But Professor Colin Baigent, an epidemiologist at Oxford University, said the new study had “serious weaknesses and, as a consequence, has reached completely the wrong conclusion”.

Another sceptic, consultant cardiologist Dr Tim Chico, said he would be more convinced by randomised study where some patients have their cholesterol lowered using a drug, such as a stain, while others receive a placebo.

He said: “There have been several studies that tested whether higher cholesterol increases the risk of heart disease by lowering cholesterol in elderly patients and observing whether this reduces their risk of heart disease.

“These have shown that lowering cholesterol using a drug does reduce the risk of heart disease in the elderly, and I find this more compelling than the data in the current study.”

The British Heart Foundation also questioned the new research, pointing out that the link between high LDL cholesterol levels and death in the elderly is harder to detect because, as people get older, more factors determine overall health.

“There is nothing in the current paper to support the author’s suggestions that the studies they reviewed cast doubt on the idea that LDL Cholesterol is a major cause of heart disease or that guidelines on LDL reduction in the elderly need re-valuating,” a spokesman said.

At a glance | Heart disease

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is caused by the build-up of fatty substances on the walls of the arteries around the heart. The build-up of these fatty deposits make the arteries narrower, restricting the flow of blood to the heart. This process is called atherosclerosis.

This can be caused by a number of lifestyle factors and conditions, including smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes. Other risk factors include obesity and family history of CHD.

Symptoms can include:

• Chest pain – this can be a mild, uncomfortable feeling similar to indigestion.
• If the arteries become completely blocked by a build-up of fat it can cause a heart attack
• Heart palpitations
• Unusual breathlessness

Treating heart disease:

There is no cure for heart disease but treatment can help manage the symptoms and reduce the risk of any further problems. The main treatments are:

• Lifestyle changes – more exercise, healthy eating and stopping smoking can help prevent further effects of CHD.
• Medicines – they aim to reduce blood pressure and to widen arteries, these include beta-blockers, nitrates and calcium channel blockers.
• Surgery – If symptoms cannot be controlled by lifestyle changes or medication there are surgical procedures to open up or bypass blocked arteries.

Source: NHS
“High cholesterol ‘does not cause heart disease’ new research finds, so treating with statins a ‘waste of time’” by:Henry Bodkin